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欢迎学习历年考点例句与语法详解内容
金色加粗词汇是考试高频词，请注意对照中文认真学习。
2019年
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155. Ever since the space program began, traveling beyond Earth has been a privilege for a select few, namely, astronauts.
自从太空计划开始以来，超越地球的旅行一直是一小部分的特权，那就是宇航员。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是traveling beyond Earth，谓语是has been，表明太空旅行的历史地位。a privilege for a select few, namely, astronauts是表语，详细描述了能够参与太空旅行的特定人群，强调这是一种特权，仅限于宇航员。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ traveling beyond Earth: 超越地球的旅行。同义词：space travel。
◌ privilege: 特权。同义词：advantage, entitlement, special right。
◌ select few: 少数特定人群。同义词：limited group, exclusive circle。
◌ astronauts: 宇航员。同义词：space travelers, cosmonauts, spacefarers。
156. Those who favor expanding space exploration feel that it is time to go beyond the government-funded National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) program and to create opportunities for individuals and businesses to explore outer space.
那些支持扩大太空探索的人认为，是时候超越由政府资助的美国国家航空航天局计划，为个人和企业创造探索外太空的机会了。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是Those who favor expanding space exploration feel that it is time to go beyond the government-funded National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program，其中Those who favor expanding space exploration是主语，描述了支持扩展太空探索的一群人，feel是谓语，that it is time to go beyond the government-funded National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program是宾语从句，表达了他们的观点。◌ and to create opportunities for individuals and businesses to explore outer space是并列的宾语从句，继续描述了这群人的期望，为个人和企业创造探索外太空的机会。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ expanding: 扩大。同义词：extending, enlarging, broadening。
◌ space exploration: 太空探索。同义词： outer space investigation。
◌ beyond: 超越。同义词：past, over, above。
◌ government-funded: 政府资助的。同义词： government-supported。
157. The view of Earth and the stars must be spectacular, and the experience of living in zero gravity would be fascinating.
地球和星星的景色一定是壮观的，而在零重力环境中生活的经历也将是令人着迷的。
A.考点句型拆解：
◌ 这是个简单句。主语是The view of Earth and the stars，谓语是must be spectacular，表达了对太空景观美妙性的推测。and the experience of living in ‘zero gravity’是并列主语，would be fascinating是对应的谓语，描述了在零重力环境中生活的迷人体验。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ spectacular: 壮观的。同义词：magnificent, breathtaking, impressive。
◌ experience: 体验。同义词：adventure, encounter, sensation。
◌ fascinating: 迷人的。同义词：captivating, enchanting, intriguing。
158. It turns out that a space hotel would be much easier to design and build than the International Space Station; early estimates of the cost to build the hotels indicate that they would be less expensive if the orbiting hotels were built to accommodate large numbers of space travelers.
事实证明，设计和建造太空酒店比国际空间站要容易得多；初步估计建造太空酒店的成本表明，如果轨道上的酒店被建造成能容纳大量太空旅行者的话，它们将更为经济。
A. 考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是It turns out that a space hotel would be much easier to design and build than the International Space Station，其中It turns out that是引导短语，表示一个结果或发现，a space hotel是主语，would be much easier to design and build than the International Space Station是谓语和表语，比较了太空酒店与国际空间站建造的难易程度。◌ early estimates of the cost to build the hotels indicate that they would be less expensive if the orbiting hotels were built to accommodate large numbers of space travelers是结果状语从句，提供了关于成本的额外信息。early estimates是主语，indicate是谓语，that they would be less expensive if the orbiting hotels were built to accommodate large numbers of space travelers是宾语从句，阐述了成本与酒店容量的关系。
B.同义表达替换：
◌easier: 更容易。同义词：simpler, less complicated, more straightforward。
◌design and build: 设计和建造。同义词：construct and create。
◌International Space Station: 国际空间站。简称：ISS。
◌early estimates: 初步估计。同义词：preliminary calculations, initial assessments
◌less expensive: 更便宜。同义词：more affordable, cheaper, less costly。
◌accommodate: 容纳。同义词：house, hold, contain。
159. That may lead to more support of NASA and its space research and greater appreciation of the funding that the space program now receives.
这可能会导致美国国家航空航天局及其太空研究得到更多的支持，并使该太空计划现在获得的资金得到更多的赞赏。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是That，指的是前文提到的太空酒店概念或相关讨论。may lead to是谓语，表明可能的结果或影响。more support of NASA and its space research and greater appreciation of the funding that the space program now receives是宾语，描述了这种影响可能带来的两个方面：对NASA及其太空研究的更多支持，以及对太空计划目前资金的更大赞赏。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ support: 支持。同义词：backing, endorsement, assistance。
◌ appreciation: 赞赏。同义词：recognition, admiration, gratitude。
◌ funding: 资金。同义词：financing, monetary support, financial backing。
160. Those who oppose expanding space exploration argue that the costs are overwhelming and unrealistic.
反对扩大太空探索的人士认为，成本是压倒性的和不切实际的。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是Those who oppose expanding space exploration，指的是反对扩大太空探索的一群人。argue是谓语，表示他们的观点或立场。that the costs are overwhelming and unrealistic是宾语从句，表述了他们的主要论点，即认为太空探索的成本过高且不现实。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ oppose: 反对。同义词：resist, object to, stand against。
◌ expanding: 扩大。同义词：extending, enlarging, broadening。
◌ overwhelming: 压倒性的。同义词：excessive, enormous, formidable。
◌ unrealistic: 不切实际的。同义词：impractical, unfeasible, fanciful。
161. Who would determine the safety of commercial orbiting vehicles, and how would they be insured?
谁将确定商业轨道飞行器的安全性，以及它们将如何获得保险？
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个疑问句。主语是Who，询问负责确定商业轨道飞行器安全性的责任主体。would determine the safety of commercial orbiting vehicles是谓语和宾语，表达了询问的主要内容。◌ and how would they be insured是第二个疑问，询问关于这些飞行器的保险问题。how是疑问副词，引导了关于保险方式的问题，they指代commercial orbiting vehicles，would be insured是谓语，询问保险的方式。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ determine: 决定。同义词：establish, ascertain, define。
◌ safety: 安全性。同义词：security, protection, safety measures。
◌ insured: 获得保险。同义词：covered by insurance, protected, underwritten。
162. Companies that specialize in manufacturing, travel, marketing, insurance, law and finance would all have to be involved.
专业从事制造、旅行、营销、保险、法律和金融等各个领域的公司都不得不参与其中。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是Companies that specialize in manufacturing, travel, marketing, insurance, law and finance，描述了一系列不同领域的公司。would all have to be involved是谓语，这些公司需要参与商业太空旅行领域。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ specialize in: 专门从事。同义词：focus on, concentrate on, be expert in。
◌ manufacturing: 制造业。同义词：production, fabrication, industrial。
◌ travel: 旅游。同义词：tourism, journeying, voyaging。
◌ marketing: 市场营销。同义词：advertising, promotion, selling。
◌ insurance: 保险。同义词：coverage, protection, indemnity。
◌ law: 法律。同义词：legal, jurisprudence, legal affairs。
◌ finance: 金融。同义词：banking, monetary, fiscal。
163. There are also those who question investing in space exploration when there are widespread problems like poverty and disease that need to be addressed on Earth.
还有一些人质疑在地球上存在如贫困和疾病等广泛问题需要解决时投资于太空探索的合理性。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是There are also those who question，其中There are是存在句型的谓语，those who question是主语，指的是对太空探索投资持怀疑态度的人群。◌ investing in space exploration when there are widespread problems like poverty and disease that need to be addressed on Earth是定语从句，修饰those，详细描述了这些人的质疑的内容和原因，即在地球上存在诸如贫困和疾病等问题时进行太空探索投资的合理性。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ question: 质疑。同义词：doubt, challenge, interrogate。
◌ investing in: 投资于。同义词：financing, funding, putting money into。
◌ widespread problems: 广泛问题。同义词：common issues, prevalent challenges。
◌ poverty: 贫困。同义词：destitution, impoverishment, lack of resources。
◌ disease: 疾病。同义词：illness, ailment, sickness。
164. As 170 people sat down to dinner, I breathed a sigh of relief: The conference was going well. Running it was part of my job as a university program manager, working on a project to boost biotech collaborations between academia and industry.
当170人坐下来用晚餐时，我松了一口气：会议进展顺利。组织这个会议是我作为大学项目经理工作的一部分，我的工作是推动学术界与产业界在生物技术领域的合作。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是I breathed a sigh of relief，其中I是主语，breathed a sigh of relief是谓语，表达了说话者的松懈和满意。The conference was going well是结果状语从句，说明了为何说话者感到松懈，即会议进展顺利。◌ Running it was part of my job as a university program manager, working on a project to boost biotech collaborations between academia and industry是解释性插入语，提供了说话者组织会议的背景和工作内容。Running it是主语，was part of my job是谓语，as a university program manager, working on a project to boost biotech collaborations between academia and industry是定语从句，详细描述了说话者的职责和项目目标。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ conference: 会议。同义词：convention, meeting, symposium。
165. When I started in the role a few years earlier, I thought that maybe, after years of career exploration, I had finally found the right job for me. But at the conference, I found myself wondering whether that was really what I wanted from my career.
几年前开始担任这个职位时，我以为可能在经历了多年的职业探索后，我终于找到了适合我的工作。但在会议上，我发现自己在思考这真的是我想要的职业生涯吗。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，When I started in the role a few years earlier, I thought that maybe, after years of career exploration, I had finally found the right job for me，是一个时间状语从句和主句的结合。时间状语从句when I started in the role a few years earlier设置了背景，主句I thought…I had finally found the right job for me表达了过去的想法。◌ 第二部分，But at the conference, I found myself wondering whether that was really what I wanted from my career是独立句，表达了在会议上出现的疑惑。I found myself wondering表明了内心的思考过程，whether that was really what I wanted from my career是宾语从句，阐述了思考的内容。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ career exploration: 职业探索。同义词： job searching。
◌ right job: 合适的工作。同义词：appropriate position, suitable role。
◌ wondering: 怀疑。同义词：questioning, pondering, contemplating。
◌ career: 职业生涯。同义词：professional life, work life, vocational path。
166. I’m a scientist, not an event planner–but I had been too busy organizing the conference to appreciate the research being discussed.
我是一名科学家，不是活动策划者——但我一直忙于组织会议，以至于无法欣赏正在讨论的研究。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，I’m a scientist, not an event planner，是一个对比句型，强调说话者的主要身份和角色。I’m a scientist是一半的陈述，not an event planner是对比部分，强调不是活动策划者。◌ 第二部分，but I had been too busy organizing the conference to appreciate the research being discussed是转折句，说明了由于忙于会议组织而无法关注研究的情况。I had been too busy organizing the conference表明一直在忙于会议的组织，to appreciate the research being discussed是结果状语，因忙碌而忽略的研究内容。
B.同义表达替换：
◌scientist: 科学家。同义词：researcher, investigator, scholar。
◌event planner: 活动策划者。同义词：event coordinator, meeting planner。
◌organizing: 组织。同义词：arranging, coordinating, managing。
◌appreciate: 欣赏。同义词：acknowledge, value, recognize。
◌research: 研究。同义词：study, investigation, inquiry。
167. I started off as a lab scientist, but then discovered that the highly focused nature of lab work wasn’t for me. My next job was at a pharmaceutical company – conducting literature
我最初是一名实验室科学家，但后来发现实验室工作的高度专注性并不适合我。我的下一份工作是在一家制药公司，进行文献搜索。
A. 考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，I started off as a lab scientist, but then discovered that the highly focused nature of lab work wasn’t for me，是一个时间顺序和转折句型的结合。I started off as a lab scientist是时间顺序的起点，but then discovered引入转折，that the highly focused nature of lab work wasn’t for me是宾语从句，说明了转变的原因。◌ 第二部分，My next job was at a pharmaceutical company – conducting literature searches，是对下一阶段职业生涯的描述。My next job was at a pharmaceutical company是主句，表明了工作场所，conducting literature searches是现在分词短语，作为补充信息描述了工作内容。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ lab scientist: 实验室科学家。同义词：laboratory researcher, experimental scientist, lab researcher。
◌ highly focused: 高度专注的。同义词：intensely concentrated, highly specialized, deeply focused。
◌ pharmaceutical : 制药公司。同义词：drug company, pharmaceutical firm, medicine manufacturer。
◌ conducting: 进行。同义词：performing, carrying out。
168. I then became a scientific journal editor, I loved the breadth of science that I was exposed to, but the job required a lengthy commute.
然后我成为了一名科学期刊编辑，我喜欢我所接触的科学的广度，但这份工作需要很长的通勤时间。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，I then became a scientific journal editor，描述了说话者的职业转变。I then became是谓语，a scientific journal editor是宾语，表明了新的职业角色。◌ 第二部分，I loved the breadth of science that I was exposed to, but the job required a lengthy commute，是一个对比句型，表达了工作的优点和缺点。I loved the breadth of science that I was exposed to表明了工作的吸引之处，but the job required a lengthy commute提出了工作的挑战，即长时间通勤。
B.同义表达替换：
breadth of : 广度。同义词：wide range of, diversity of。
exposed to: 接触到的。同义词：encountered, experienced, dealt with。
lengthy commute: 长时间通勤。同义词：prolonged travel to work。
169. I began to think about creative ways to add the scientific stimulation I sought to my work life.
我开始想在我的工作生活中创造性地增加我所追求的科学激励。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是I，谓语是began to think about，表明说话者开始进行的思考过程。creative ways to add the scientific stimulation I sought to my work life是宾语，描述了思考的内容，即如何以创新的方式在工作中增加科学激励。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ creative ways: 创造性方法。同义词：innovative approaches, inventive strategies, imaginative means。
◌ scientific stimulation: 科学激励。同义词：scientific inspiration, scientific motivation, science-driven encouragement。
◌ sought: 追求的。同义词：desired, aimed for, looked for。
◌ work life: 工作生活。同义词：professional life, job, career。
170. But I finally feel I have a career that is tailored to my needs.
但我终于感觉我拥有了一个适合我的需求的职业生涯。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是I，谓语是finally feel，表达了经过一段时间后达到的感觉。I have a career that is tailored to my needs是宾语从句，描述了说话者的职业生涯满足其个人需求的程度。
B.同义表达替换：
tailored to: 量身定做的。同义词：customized to, adapted to, designed for。
needs: 需求。同义词：requirements, necessities, desires。
171. I’ve realized that a career doesn’t need to be off the shelf. Jobs can be mixed and matched to get to one that fits.
我意识到职业并不一定要标准化。工作可以进行组合搭配，以找到一个适合自己的职业。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，I’ve realized that a career doesn’t need to be off the shelf，是一个宾语从句结构。I’ve realized是谓语，表示说话者的认识或领悟，that a career doesn’t need to be off the shelf是宾语从句，表达了关于职业生涯不必是标准化或预设的想法。◌ 第二部分，Jobs can be mixed and matched to get to one that fits，是一个独立的句子，阐述了职业生涯的灵活性。Jobs can be mixed and matched是谓语，描述了不同工作的组合可能性，to get to one that fits是目的状语，说明组合工作的目的是找到最适合的职业。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ off the shelf: 现成的。同义词：pre-made, ready-made, standard。
◌ mixed and matched: 混合和匹配。同义词：combined and coordinated, blended and paired, integrated and assorted。
◌ fits: 适合。同义词：suits, matches, corresponds to。
172. Science fiction has an important role to play in rescuing the future from the huge challenges were facing–and the responses to Harnis’ statement illustrate this perfectly.
科幻小说在拯救我们面临的巨大挑战的未来中扮演了重要角色——而对哈尼斯声明的回应则完美地说明了这一点。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是Science fiction has an important role to play in rescuing the future from the huge challenges we’re facing，其中Science fiction是主语，has an important role to play是谓语，表明科幻小说的重要作用，in rescuing the future from the huge challenges we’re facing是宾语，描述了科幻小说的作用所针对的情景。◌ and the responses to Harnis’ statement illustrate this perfectly是并列句，提供了支持前面观点的例证。the responses to Harnis’ statement是主语，illustrate是谓语，this指代科幻小说的重要作用，perfectly是副词，加强了说明的程度。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ rescuing future: 拯救未来。同义词：saving future, , preserving future。
◌ huge challenges: 巨大挑战。同义词：enormous obstacles 。
◌ illustrate: 说明。同义词：demonstrate, exemplify, show。
◌ perfectly: 完美地。同义词：flawlessly, impeccably, ideally。
173. No amount of scientific evidence will convince deniers–or the vast number of people who merely live in a state of denial.
无论有多少科学证据，都无法说服那些否认者——或者是那些仅仅生活在否认状态中的大量人群。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是No amount of scientific evidence will convince deniers，其中no amount of scientific evidence是主语，表达了无论多少科学证据的概念，will convince是谓语，影响或说服的能力，deniers是宾语，那些否认科学证据的人。◌ or the vast number of people who merely live in a state of denial是并列宾语，扩展了主句的含义，描述了另一群人，他们虽不是积极的否认者，但仍然生活在一种否认的状态中。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ evidence:证据。同义词： proof, data, research findings。
◌ convince: 说服。同义词：persuade, influence, sway。
174. Stories about climate change might be fiction, but they can help to sway peoples hearts and minds in a different way than a recitation of the undeniable facts, Science fiction creators have been looking for ways to restore people’s faith in the future.
关于气候变化的故事可能是虚构的，但它们可以以一种不同于陈述不可否认的事实的方式来影响人们的心灵和想法，科幻创作者一直在寻找恢复人们对未来信念的方法。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。第一部分，Stories about climate change might be fiction, but they can help to sway peoples hearts and minds in a different way than a recitation of the undeniable facts，是一个对比句型。Stories about climate change是主语，might be fiction是谓语，表明故事的虚构性质，but they can help to sway peoples hearts and minds是转折，表明尽管是虚构，但仍有影响力，in a different way than a recitation of the undeniable facts是状语，对比了不同的影响方式。◌ 第二部分，Science fiction creators have been looking for ways to restore people’s faith in the future，是独立句，表达了科幻创作者的目的和努力。Science fiction creators是主语，have been looking for ways to restore people’s faith in the future是谓语，描述了他们的目标。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ climate change: 气候变化。同义词：global warming, climatic alteration。
◌ fiction: 虚构。同义词：fantasy, fabrication, make up。
◌ sway: 影响。同义词：influence, persuade, affect。
175. When the truth becomes near-impossible to distinguish through the fog of disinformation and alternative facts, people tend to feel powerless to change the world.
当真相在虚假信息和替代事实的迷雾中变得几乎不可辨认时，人们倾向于感到无力去改变世界。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是people tend to feel powerless to change the world，其中people是主语，tend to feel powerless to change the world是谓语，描述了人们在某种情况下的心理状态。◌ When the truth becomes near-impossible to distinguish through the fog of disinformation and alternative facts是时间状语从句，设置了前面主句描述的心理状态发生的背景。the truth是主语，becomes near-impossible to distinguish是谓语，表达了真相变得难以辨别的程度，through the fog of disinformation and alternative facts是状语，描述了造成这种难以辨别的环境。
B.同义表达替换：
truth: 真相。同义词：reality, fact, actuality。
distinguish:辨别。同义词： identify, discern, recognize。
disinformation: 虚假信息。同义词：misinformation, false information。
176. There are truths we can get to through the imagination that are hard to get to through purely factual accounts.
有些真相通过想象力可以得到，而这些真相通过纯粹的事实叙述是难以触及的。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是There are truths，谓语是can get to，表示能够揭示或理解的真相。through the imagination是状语，说明了这些真相是如何被揭示的，that are hard to get to through purely factual accounts是定语从句，修饰truths，表达了仅通过事实叙述难以揭示这些真相的想法。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ imagination: 想象力。同义词：creativity, inventiveness, imagination。
◌ accounts:叙述。同义词：reports, descriptions,narratives。
◌ hard to get to: 难以触及。同义词：difficult to reach, challenging to access。
177. In practical terms, e-Sportsrefers to the competitions engineered by global organizations that culminate in big-money championship tournaments — dollar figures that can exceed $1, 000,000 for winners.
从实际角度来看，电子竞技指的是由全球组织策划的比赛，这些比赛最终会在高奖金的冠军赛事中达到高潮——奖金数字可能超过100万美元给予赢家。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是’e-Sports’，谓语是refers to，表达了电子竞技的定义或含义。the competitions engineered by global organizations that culminate in big-money championship tournaments是宾语，详细描述了电子竞技的本质和特点，强调这些比赛是由全球组织策划，并在高奖金的冠军赛事中达到高潮。◌ dollar figures that can exceed $1, 000,000 for winners是定语从句，修饰big-money championship tournaments，说明了比赛的奖金规模，奖金可能超过100万美元。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ competitions: 比赛。同义词：contests, tournaments, championships。
◌ engineered by: 由…策划。同义词：organized by…, devised by…。
◌ culminate in: 达到高潮。同义词：reach a climax in, conclude with, peak in。
178. All of the controversies, drama, and compelling individuals from the mainstream sports world exist in e-Sports as well.
所有主流体育界存在的争议、戏剧性和引人注目的个体，在电子竞技世界中同样存在。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句。主语是All of the controversies, drama, and compelling individuals，列举了主流体育界中存在的几个特点。from the mainstream sports world是定语短语，修饰前面的主语，指明了这些特点来自于哪里。exist in e-Sports as well是谓语，这些特点在电世界中同样存在。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ controversies: 争议。同义词：disputes, disagreements, debates。
◌ drama: 戏剧性。同义词：theatricality, excitement, tension。
◌ compelling : 引人注目。同义词：fascinating, intriguing。
◌ mainstream : 主流。同义词：conventional, traditiona。
◌ e-Sports: 电子竞技。同义词：electronic sports, competitive gaming。
179. New challengers consistently emerge on the scene, ready to take down championship teams and generate compelling rivalries.
新新的挑战者不断地出现在竞争场景中，准备击败冠军团队并产生引人入胜的对抗。
A.考点句型拆解：
◌ 这是个简单句。主语是New challengers，指新出现的竞争者。consistently emerge on the scene是谓语，表达了这些挑战者持续出现的动态。ready to take down championship teams and generate compelling rivalries是状语，描述了这些新挑战者的目标和潜在影响，即挑战冠军团队并创造吸引人的竞争关系。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ challengers: 挑战者。同义词：competitors, contenders, rivals。
◌ emerge: 出现。同义词：appear, come forward, surface。
◌ take down: 击败。同义词：defeat, overcome, conquer。
◌ rivalries:对抗。同义词： competitions, contests, matchups。
180. This means a couple of things, both of them appealing to advertisers looking to reach this young and profitable market–the audience will grow as more youngsters are introduced, and as they get older, their purchasing power increases.
这意味着两件事情，它们都吸引着希望接触这个年轻且有利可图市场的广告商——随着更多年轻人的介入，观众群将会增长，并且随着他们年龄的增长，他们的购买力也会提升。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复合句。主句是This means a couple of things, both of them appealing to advertisers looking to reach this young and profitable market，其中This指代前文提到的情况或概念，means是谓语，a couple of things是宾语，both of them appealing to advertisers是定语从句，修饰things，表明这些事情对广告商具有吸引力。◌ the audience will grow as more youngsters are introduced, and as they get older, their purchasing power increases是并列句，描述了这两件事情的具体内容。第一部分，the audience will grow as more youngsters are introduced，说明了观众群的增长与年轻人的参与之间的关系；第二部分，as they get older, their purchasing power increases，讨论了年轻人购买力随年龄增长的情况。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ appealing: 吸引人的。同义词：attractive, enticing, alluring。
◌ audience: 观众群。同义词：viewers, spectators, audience。
◌ purchasing power: 购买力。同义词：buying power, spending capacity, financial strength。
181. Major television networks are broadcasting competitions, and even more mainstream media coverage is planned for the near future.
主要电视网络正在播放比赛，而且计划在不久的将来提供更多的主流媒体报道。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个并列复合句。第一部分是Major television networks are broadcasting competitions，其中Major television networks是主语，are broadcasting是谓语，competitions是宾语，说明正在播放的内容。◌ 第二部分是even more mainstream media coverage is planned for the near future，其中even more mainstream media coverage是主语，is planned是谓语，for the near future是时间状语，说明报道的计划时间。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ broadcasting 播放。同义词：airing, transmitting。
◌ competitions 比赛。同义词：contests, tournaments。
◌ planned for 计划在。同义词：scheduled for, arranged for。
182. Top players move from team to team like free agents, retire and return to competition unexpectedly, and experience unlikely come-from-behind victories and crushing defeats.
顶尖选手像自由球员一样从一支队伍转到另一支，意外地退役又重返比赛，并经历不太可能的逆转胜利和惨重的失败。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个并列复合句。主语是Top players，谓语分别是move from team to team like free agents，retire and return to competition unexpectedly，和experience unlikely come-from-behind victories and crushing defeats。◌ move from team to team like free agents描述选手在队伍间的转换。◌ retire and return to competition unexpectedly说明选手的退役和意外回归。◌ experience unlikely come-from-behind victories and crushing defeats描述他们面临的不同竞赛结果。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ move 转到。同义词：transfer, shift。
◌ unexpectedly 意外地。同义词：surprisingly, unpredictably。
◌ come-from-behind victories 逆转胜利。同义词： comeback triumphs。
◌ crushing defeats 惨重的失败。同义词： overwhelming setbacks。
183. The firm is one of a growing number of employers giving their workers an extra day off for the same pay as a five-day week.
该公司是越来越多雇主之一，为员工提供同五天工作相同薪酬的额外的休息日。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复杂的名词短语结构。主语是The firm，谓语是is，宾语是整个结构one of a growing number of employers giving their workers an extra day off for the same pay as a five-day week。◌ one of a growing number of employers 表示这家公司是越来越多实行这种政策的雇主之一。◌ giving their workers an extra day off for the same pay as a five-day week 是一个现在分词短语，作为后置定语，详细描述这些雇主的特点，即给员工额外的休息日但支付与五天工作周相同的薪资。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ firm 公司。同义词：company, organization。
◌ growing number 越来越多。同义词：increasing quantity, expanding amount。
◌ giving 给予。同义词：providing, offering。
◌ extra day off 额外放假一天。同义词：additional day of leave, bonus day off。
◌ same pay 相同薪资。同义词：equivalent salary, equal compensation。
184. The day off that each worker takes varies, depending on the team’s needs at the time, but there has been a change in culture with less time surfing on social media and fewer unnecessary.
每个职工的休假的那一天变化，取决于团队当时的需求，但文化发生变化，社交媒体上浏览的时间减少了，不必要的会议也减少了。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复杂的复合句。第一部分是The day off that each worker takes varies, depending on the team’s needs at the time，其中，The day off that each worker takes是主语，varies是谓语，depending on the team’s needs at the time是状语，说明休息日变化的因素。◌ 第二部分是but there has been a change in culture with less time surfing on social media and fewer unnecessary meetings，这里是转折，主语是a change in culture，谓语是has been，宾语补足语是with less time surfing on social media and fewer unnecessary meetings，说明文化变化的具体表现。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ varies 不同。同义词：differs, changes。
◌ depending on 取决于。同义词：based on, contingent upon。
◌ unnecessary meetings 不必要的会议。同义词：needless gatherings。
185. However, Kate Cooper, policy director at the Institute of Leadership and Management argues the reasons behind increases in productivity are not yet clear.
然而，领导与管理研究所的政策总监凯特·库珀认为，生产力增长背后的原因尚不清楚。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个简单句，开头使用了However作为转折词。Kate Cooper, policy director at the Institute of Leadership and Management是主语，其中包含了对Kate Cooper身份的详细描述。◌ argues是谓语，表示Kate Cooper的行为或立场。◌ the reasons behind increases in productivity are not yet clear是宾语从句，说明Kate Cooper所争论的内容，即生产率提高的原因尚未明确。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ argues (争论)：同义词：contends, asserts。
◌ reasons (原因)：同义词：causes, factors。
◌ behind (背后)：同义词：underlying, responsible for。
186. Cooper said that the Hawthorne effect may be in play, that is, people change their behaviour simply because they feel they are being observed–in this case they feel that by being granted a four-day week they believe their bosses are interested in their work.
库珀说，霍桑效应可能在起作用，也就是说，人们改变自己的行为只是因为他们觉得自己被观察到了——在这种情况下，他们觉得通过每周工作四天，他们相信老板会对他们的工作感兴趣。
A.考点句型拆解：◌ 这是个复杂的复合句。主句是Cooper said，其中Cooper是主语，said是谓语。that ‘the Hawthorne effect’ may be in play是宾语从句，解释库珀所说的内容。 that is, people change their behaviour simply because they feel they are being observed是对the Hawthorne effect的进一步解释。◌ in this case, they feel that by being granted a four-day week they believe their bosses are interested in their work是对前述情况的具体应用，说明在这种情况下，员工怎样感受到霍桑效应的影响。
B.同义表达替换：
◌ may be in play 可能正在发挥作用)：同义词：might be active。
◌ change their behaviour改变他们的行为)：同义词：alter their actions。
◌ being observed (被观察)：同义词：being watched, being monitored。